Atomic Structure and the Periodic Table

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Instructions: Answer all parts. Use scientific terms. Short answers are marked by the MSH backend using the AnswerKeys sheet. For best results, write clear key words such as same number of protons, full outer shell, or 2,8,7.

Question 1: Atomic structure

The diagram shows a simple model of an atom.

p⁺
n⁰

The nucleus contains protons and neutrons. Electrons are shown on shells around the nucleus.

1(a)(i) State the relative charge of a proton. 1

1(a)(ii) State the relative mass of an electron. 1

1(a)(iii) Name the particle found in the nucleus that has no charge. 1

1(b) An atom has 11 protons and 12 neutrons.

1(b)(i) Proton number 11(b)(ii) Nucleon / mass number 1

1(c) State the electronic configuration of sodium, proton number 11. 1

Question 2: Isotopes

Chlorine has two common isotopes. Use the table and symbols to answer the questions.

Isotope	Proton number	Mass number	Number of protons	Number of neutrons	Electrons in neutral atom
³⁵Cl	17	35	?	?	17
³⁷Cl	17	37	17	20	?

2(a) Define the term isotope. 2

Mark point 1: same element / same number of protonsMark point 2: different number of neutrons

2(b) Complete the missing values in the table. 3

2(b)(i) Number of protons in ³⁵Cl2(b)(ii) Number of neutrons in ³⁵Cl2(b)(iii) Electrons in neutral ³⁷Cl atom

2(c) Explain why isotopes of chlorine have the same chemical properties. 1

Question 3: Electronic configuration and the Periodic Table

An atom of element X has the electronic configuration 2,8,7.

This diagram accurately shows 17 electrons arranged as 2 in the first shell, 8 in the second shell and 7 in the outer shell.

3(a) Use the electronic configuration to identify information about element X. 3

3(a)(i) Group3(a)(ii) Period3(a)(iii) Name of element X

3(b)(i) Explain why elements in the same group have similar chemical properties. 1

3(b)(ii) Describe the change in metallic character across a period from left to right. 1

3(c) State the charges on the ions formed by these groups. 2

Group I ion chargeGroup VII ion charge

Question 4: Periodic Table extract

The diagram shows a simplified extract from the Periodic Table.

Li3
Group I

F9
Group VII

Ne10
Group VIII

Na11
Period 3

Mg12

Al13

Si14

P15

S16

Cl17

Ar18

4(a) Noble gases are found in Group VIII. 2

4(a)(i) Why are noble gases unreactive?4(a)(ii) State whether noble gases are monatomic or diatomic.

4(b) Use the Periodic Table extract. 3

4(b)(i) Name the Group I element in Period 3.4(b)(ii) Name the Group VII element in Period 3.4(b)(iii) State the number of occupied electron shells in argon.

Question 5: Applying particle and Periodic Table ideas

The diagrams show three particle arrangements.

A: regular, touching particles

B: close, random particles

C: far apart particles

5(a) Identify the diagram that represents a solid and explain your choice. 2

5(a)(i) Diagram letter5(a)(ii) Explanation

5(b) An element has proton number 20. 3

5(b)(i) Electronic configuration5(b)(ii) Group5(b)(iii) Period

5(c) Predict one property of an element in Group VIII. 1

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